Peer-to-peer learning among experts and practitioners in communities is an effective and engaging approach to catalyse the dissemination of ideas. It can further enable better strategizing at the local level, since community members are often better able to convey and understand challenges in a practical manner. Taking into account the diversity of local experiences and innovations concerning. ABS-relevant issues both in Africa and across the world, learning exchanges among experts and practitioners in communities bear great potential for IPLCs. Against this background, this Community-to-Community Exchange on ABS and Traditional Knowledge aimed to achieve the following objectives: • Increase the understanding of the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol and the advances in their national implementation; • Learn first-hand about successes, challenges and innovations related to ABS implementation from communities and other actors in South Africa; • Exchange and discuss the experiences of participants from other countries of the Global South and North; • Provide an opportunity for renewing and developing partnerships among participants from different communities and countries. The topics covered through discussions and field visits included, among others: • Negotiation and implementation of ABS agreements related to traditional knowledge; • Local valorisation of biological resources; • Documentation, protection and revitalisation of traditional knowledge; • Research ethics and relationships between communities and research institutions; • Development and implementation of Biocultural Community Protocols (BCPs).